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Shrimant Daulat Rao Scindhia (1779 – 21 March 1827) was the king ''(Maharaja)'' of Gwalior state in central India from 1794 until his death in 1827. His reign coincided with struggles for supremacy within the Maratha Confederacy, and with Maratha resistance to the consolidation of British hegemony over northern and central India in the early 18th century. Daulatrao played a significant role in the Second and Third Anglo-Maratha wars. ==Ascent of Scindias== Daulatrao was a member of the Sindhia dynasty, and succeeded to the Gwalior throne in 12 February 1794 at the age of 15, upon the death of Maharaja Mahadji Sindhia (Mahadji left no heir, and Daulatrao was a grandson of his elder brother Tukoji Rao Scindia, who was killed in the Third Battle of Panipat, 7 January 1761). Daulatrao was reecognised and formally installed by the Peshwa, 3 March 1794, and conferred the titles of Vakil-al-Mutlaq, Amir-al-Umara from Emperor Shah Alam II in 10 May 1794. Gwalior state was part of the Maratha Empire, which was founded by Shivaji in the 17th century. ''De facto'' control of the empire passed from Shivaji's successors to the hereditary chief ministers of the Empire, entitled ''peshwas'' and the empire expanded greatly in the 18th century at the expense of the Mughal Empire. As the empire expanded, commanders of the Maratha armies were given authority to collect ''chauth'' (tribute) in the conquered territories on behalf of the Peshwa. Daulatrao's ancestor Ranoji Sindhia had conquered territories in the Malwa and Gird regions from the Mughals, eventually establishing a state which was initially based at Ujjain, but was named after the strategic fortress of Gwalior. His wife Baija Bai was a powerful and an intelligent lady of her time. She played an important role in the affairs of the Gwalior state. The Maratha defeat at the Third Battle of Panipat checked the Maratha expansion towards the Northwest, and hastened the decentralization of power in the empire to a 'pentarchy' made up of the five most powerful Maratha dynasties: the Peshwas of Pune, the Sindhias of Gwalior, the Holkars of Indore, the Bhonsles of Nagpur, and the Gaekwads of Baroda. Daulatrao's predecessor Shreenath Mahadji had, in the aftermath of Panipat, turned Gwalior into a chief military power of the confederacy, developing a well-trained modern army under the command of Benoît de Boigne. Daulatrao therefore looked upon himself less as a member of the Maratha Confederacy and more as the chief sovereign in India. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Daulat Rao Sindhia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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